Introduction, Lists, Stacks & Queues
Data Structures, Linked Lists, Stacks, Queues and their Applications
2-Mark Questions
15- What is a data structure?
- What is an Abstract Data Type (ADT)?
- List the basic operations performed on data structures.
- How are data structures classified?
- What is a linear data structure?
- What is a singly linked list?
- What is a circular linked list?
- What is a doubly linked list?
- What is a stack?
- What is the LIFO principle?
- What is a queue?
- What is the FIFO principle?
- What is the difference between a stack and a queue?
- Name any two applications of stacks.
- Name any two applications of queues.
5-Mark Questions
10- Explain the basic terminology and classification of data structures.
- Explain Abstract Data Types (ADTs) and their advantages.
- Explain the factors to consider when selecting a suitable data structure.
- Explain the representation and operations of a singly linked list.
- Explain circular linked lists with insertion and deletion operations.
- Explain doubly linked lists and their advantages over singly linked lists.
- Explain stack operations and the stack ADT with suitable algorithms.
- Explain queue operations and the queue ADT with suitable algorithms.
- Explain the applications of stacks and queues.
- Compare singly linked, circular and doubly linked lists.
10-Mark Questions
6- Explain data structures, their terminology, classification, basic operations and Abstract Data Types in detail.
- Explain singly linked lists in detail and develop algorithms for insertion and deletion.
- Explain circular linked lists and doubly linked lists with suitable diagrams and algorithms.
- Explain the stack ADT, push and pop algorithms, and applications such as expression processing and function calls.
- Explain the queue ADT, insertion and deletion algorithms, and important applications of queues.
- Compare linked lists, stacks and queues with respect to representation, operations, advantages and applications.
Trees
Binary Trees, BST, Threaded Trees, AVL, Red-Black and Splay Trees
2-Mark Questions
15- What is a tree data structure?
- What is a binary tree?
- What is a general tree?
- What is a leaf node?
- What is tree traversal?
- Name the three depth-first traversals of a binary tree.
- What is a Binary Search Tree (BST)?
- What is BST insertion?
- What is BST deletion?
- What is a threaded binary tree?
- What is an AVL tree?
- What is a Red-Black tree?
- What is a Splay tree?
- What is tree balancing?
- State one application of a Binary Search Tree.
5-Mark Questions
10- Explain the basic terminology and types of trees.
- Explain how a binary tree can be created from a general tree.
- Explain preorder, inorder and postorder traversal of a binary tree.
- Explain searching and insertion operations in a Binary Search Tree.
- Explain deletion in a Binary Search Tree for its different cases.
- Explain the Binary Search Tree ADT and its applications.
- Explain threaded binary trees and their advantages.
- Explain AVL trees and the need for balancing.
- Explain the basic properties of Red-Black trees.
- Explain the working principle of Splay trees.
10-Mark Questions
6- Explain binary trees and all major traversal techniques with suitable examples.
- Construct a Binary Search Tree for a given sequence of keys and explain searching, insertion and deletion operations.
- Explain BST deletion in detail for leaf, one-child and two-child cases with diagrams.
- Explain AVL trees, balance factors and rotations used to maintain balance.
- Compare AVL, Red-Black and Splay trees with respect to balancing and operations.
- Explain threaded binary trees and their traversal mechanism with a suitable example.
Pattern Matching & Tries
Brute Force, Boyer–Moore, KMP, Standard Tries, Compressed Tries and Suffix Tries
2-Mark Questions
15- What is pattern matching?
- What is a text and what is a pattern?
- What is the brute-force pattern matching algorithm?
- What is the main idea of the Boyer–Moore algorithm?
- What is the Knuth-Morris-Pratt (KMP) algorithm?
- What is the purpose of the failure or prefix function in KMP?
- What is a trie?
- What is a standard trie?
- What is a compressed trie?
- What is a suffix trie?
- State one advantage of Boyer–Moore over brute-force matching.
- State one advantage of KMP over brute-force matching.
- What is a trie node?
- What is a prefix in a string?
- Mention one application of tries.
5-Mark Questions
8- Explain the brute-force pattern matching algorithm with an example.
- Explain the basic idea and working steps of the Boyer–Moore algorithm.
- Explain the Knuth-Morris-Pratt algorithm and its prefix information.
- Compare brute-force, Boyer–Moore and KMP pattern matching methods.
- Explain standard tries and their representation.
- Explain compressed tries with a suitable example.
- Explain suffix tries and their applications.
- Discuss the advantages and limitations of trie-based string searching.
10-Mark Questions
6- Explain the brute-force, Boyer–Moore and KMP pattern matching algorithms with suitable examples.
- Trace the KMP algorithm for a given text and pattern and show how the prefix information reduces comparisons.
- Explain the Boyer–Moore algorithm in detail and demonstrate its matching process on an example.
- Explain standard tries, compressed tries and suffix tries with diagrams and suitable examples.
- Compare the major pattern matching algorithms in terms of working principle, preprocessing and searching behavior.
- Develop a detailed solution for searching multiple strings using an appropriate trie structure.
Graphs & Sorting
Graph Representation, Traversal, Bi-connected Components and Advanced Sorting
2-Mark Questions
15- What is a graph?
- What is a directed graph?
- What is a vertex and an edge?
- What is graph representation?
- Name two common graph representations.
- What is graph traversal?
- What is Breadth-First Search (BFS)?
- What is Depth-First Search (DFS)?
- What is a bi-connected component?
- What is the Graph ADT?
- What is radix sort?
- What is heap sort?
- What is shell sort?
- What is tree sort?
- State one application of graphs.
5-Mark Questions
10- Explain directed graphs and their basic terminology.
- Explain adjacency matrix and adjacency list representations of graphs.
- Explain BFS traversal with a suitable example.
- Explain DFS traversal with a suitable example.
- Explain bi-connected components in graphs.
- Explain the Graph ADT and common graph applications.
- Explain radix sort with a suitable example.
- Explain heap sort and its basic working principle.
- Explain shell sort and the role of gaps.
- Explain tree sort and its relationship with binary search trees.
10-Mark Questions
6- Explain graph representation using adjacency matrices and adjacency lists and compare them.
- Explain BFS and DFS graph traversal algorithms with suitable examples and traversal sequences.
- Explain bi-connected components and their significance in graph processing.
- Explain radix sort, heap sort, shell sort and tree sort with suitable examples.
- Compare the sorting techniques in this unit based on their working principles, advantages and limitations.
- Develop a complete solution for representing a graph and performing traversal operations using the Graph ADT.
Hashing, Collision & File Organization
Hash Tables, Hash Functions, Collision Resolution, Files and Indexing
2-Mark Questions
15- What is hashing?
- What is a hash table?
- What is a hash function?
- What is a collision in hashing?
- What is the division method of hashing?
- What is the multiplication method of hashing?
- What is the mid-square method?
- What is the folding method?
- What is open addressing?
- What is collision resolution by chaining?
- What is data hierarchy?
- What are file attributes?
- What is a text file?
- What is a binary file?
- What is file indexing?
5-Mark Questions
11- Explain hash tables and the characteristics of a good hash function.
- Explain the division method of hashing with an example.
- Explain the multiplication method of hashing with an example.
- Explain the mid-square and folding methods of hashing.
- Explain collision resolution using open addressing.
- Explain collision resolution using chaining.
- Compare open addressing and chaining.
- Explain data hierarchy and file attributes.
- Explain text and binary files.
- Explain basic file operations and file organization.
- Explain indexing and its role in efficient file access.
10-Mark Questions
6- Explain hashing, hash tables, hash functions and the major hash-function construction methods in detail.
- Construct a hash table using the division method for a given set of keys and demonstrate collision handling.
- Explain open addressing and chaining with suitable examples and compare their collision-resolution behavior.
- Explain division, multiplication, mid-square and folding hash functions with worked examples.
- Explain files, data hierarchy, file attributes, text and binary files, and basic file operations.
- Explain file organization and indexing methods and their role in efficient data management.
Exam Preparation Tip
Start with the 2-mark questions for definitions and terminology. Then practice the 5-mark questions for concepts and algorithms. Finally, prepare the 10-mark questions with diagrams, traces, algorithms, comparisons and detailed explanations.