Basics - A Historical Perspective
- File Systems v/s DBMS
- Data Models
- Levels of Abstraction
- Structure of DBMS
- Database Design
- Database Design
- ER Diagrams
- Attributes
- Entity
- Relationships
- Additional Features of the ER Model
- Relational Model
- Introduction to the Relational Model
- Integrity constraint over relations
- Enforcing Integrity Constraints
- Querying Relational Data
- Views
- Relational Algebra
- Tuple Relational Calculus
- SQL
- Form of basic SQL query
- UNION
- INTERSECT
- EXCEPT
- Aggregation Operators
- Complex Integrity Constraints in SQL
- Triggers and Active data bases
- Schema Refinement
- Problems caused by redundancy
- Decompositions and its problems
- Functional Dependencies and its reasoning
- Introduction to Normal Forms
- First Normal Form (1NF)
- Second Normal Form (2NF)
- Third Normal Form (3NF)
- Boyce-Codd Normal Form (BCNF)
- Fourth Normal Form (4NF)
- Fifth Normal Form (5NF or PJNF)
- Sixth Normal Form (6NF)
- Transaction
- Transaction Concept
- Transaction State
- Implementation of Atomicity and Durability
- Concurrent Executions
- Serializability
- Recoverability
- Implementation of Isolation
- Lock Based Protocols
- Timestamp Based Protocols
- Validation Based Protocols
- Multiple Granularity
- Recovery and Atomicity in dbms
- Recovery with Concurrent Transactions
- Indexing
- Data on External Storage
- File Organization and Indexing
- Cluster Indexes
- Primary Indexes
- Secondary Indexes
- Index data Structures
- Comparison of File Organizations, Indexes and Performance Tuning
- Indexed Sequential Access Methods
- Dynamic Index Structure - B+ Tree
File Systems v/s DBMS
What is a File system?
A file system is a technique of arranging the files in a storage devices like a hard disk, pen drive, DVD, etc. It helps you to organizes the data and allows easy retrieval of files when they are required. A file system enables you to handle the way of reading and writing data to the storage medium. It is directly installed into the computer with the Operating systems such as Windows and Linux.
What is DBMS?
Database Management System (DBMS) is a software for storing and retrieving user’s data while considering appropriate security measures. It consists of a group of programs that manipulate the database. The DBMS accepts the request for data from an application and instructs the DBMS engine to provide the specific data. In large systems, a DBMS helps users and other third-party software to store and retrieve data.
Difference between File System and Database systems
| File System | Database systems |
|---|---|
| A file system is a software that manages and organizes the files in a storage medium. It controls how data is stored and retrieved. | DBMS or Database Management System is a software application. It is used for accessing, creating, and managing databases. |
| The file system provides the details of data representation and storage of data. | DBMS gives an abstract view of data that hides the details. |
| Storing and retrieving of data can’t be done efficiently in a file system. | DBMS is efficient to use as there are a wide variety of methods to store and retrieve data. |
| Data redundancy is more. | Data redundancy is less. |
| Conventional file systems are used where there is less demand for security constraints(Security is very low). | Database systems are used when security constraints are high(Security is high). |
| File systems define the data in un-structured manner. Data is usually in isolated form. | Database systems define the data in a structured manner. Also there is well defined co-relation among the data. |
| Data inconsistency is more in file systems. | Data inconsistency is less in database systems. |
| User locates the physical address of file to access the data in conventional file systems. | User is unknown to the physical address of the data used in database systems. |
| There is no ability to concurrently access the data using conventional file system. | There is ability to access the data concurrently using database systems. |
| Not provide support for complicated transactions. | Easy to implement complicated transactions. |
| It doesn’t offer backup and recovery of data if it is lost. | DBMS system provides backup and recovery of data even if it is lost. |
Disadvantages of File system
- Each application has its data file so, the same data may have to be recorded and stored many times.
- Data dependence in the file processing system are data-dependent, but, the problem is incompatible with file format.
- Limited data sharing.
- The problem with security.
- Time-consuming.
- It allows you to maintain the record of the big firm having a large number of items.
- Required lots of labor work to do.
Advantages of DBMS system
- DBMS offers a variety of techniques to store & retrieve data
- Uniform administration procedures for data
- Application programmers never exposed to details of data representation and Storage.
- A DBMS uses various powerful functions to store and retrieve data efficiently.
- Offers Data Integrity and Security.
- The DBMS implies integrity constraints to get a high level of protection against prohibited access to data.
- Reduced Application Development Time
- Consume lesser space.
- Reduction of redundancy.
- Data independence.
Next Topic :Data Models